The analysis of the distribution and ecology of calicioid species from Moscow region is carried out. According to the literature data and herbarium, 28 species from 9 genera have been registered in the region; exposed in 5 districts and 16 city districts of the region, as well as in Moscow. The degree of distribution of species in the region varies. Most species were found on the west region in the Lotoshinsk destrict, Klin and Mozhaisk districts. The absence of calicioid species in some districts and some urban districts of the region may indicate the uneven study of lichens in the region and may also be associated with climatic differences characteristic of different places in the region. The substrate confinement of the species was revealed. Most species are found on bark and wood. From deciduous trees preference is given to Quercus robur and Alnus glutinosa, from coniferous Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies. Only two species have narrow substrate confinement. Phaeocalicium polyporaeum expose on the Polyporus fruit body and Chaenotheca xyloxena – on the dry wood. The key for identification the species is given.