The morphology, anatomy and surface micromorphology of the fruit Calophylluminophyllum L are studied. The fruit of C. inophyllum is pseudomonomerous globose pyrenarium with a yellow smooth surface at the beginning of maturation, and a brown wrinkled surface at full maturity. The anatomical structure of the endocarp and the inner layers of the mesocarp shows that the fruit is a pyrenarium. Two types of cells with secretory substances – with resins and fixed oils are found in the mesocarp, especially in its inner layers and near the vascular bundles. It is found that these substances are more abundant in fully matured fruits, which is probably associated with the ending of transport of assimilates. The presence of a large number of secretory substances in the fruits of C. inophyllum with a strong smell and insecticidal-antimicrobial activity may be associated with both their natural protection from eating and spoilage by some organisms, and with the attraction of other animals for their dispersion. The presence of a large amount of external epicuticular wax makes growing fruits less moistened with water. However, in the pericarp, unlike the spermoderm, no aerenchyma and other structures are found that allow the fruit to be dispersed by sea currents. The experiment showed that fruits with decomposed pericarp are better dispersed by sea currents.