Using lichinoindication and biotesting on the basis of bacterial luminescence the ecological state of the air environment and soils of 14 streets 8 of the administrative districts of the city of Moscow was assessed. Lichens of 28 species are distinguished, mainly in relation to air pollution of the I and II classes of toxicophobia. The influence of specificity of chemical contamination by pollutants of the air environment on the growth of certain lichen species is discussed. A large number of identified nitrophilous lichen species indicates a specific ecology of the urban environment. Express method (30 min) of biotesting on the basis of bacterial luminescence identified the toxicity index of soil samples from the lichen collection sites. Many soil samples were toxic or very toxic. In some soil samples soil mosaic was revealed, in which samples of one soil sample had different toxicity indices. The joint use of lichinoindication and biotesting on the basis of bacterial luminescence can be useful for eliminating local pollutants and an essential link in the improvement of habitats. This indicates the expediency of practical use of these biomonitoring methods.