Razumovskii poplar (Populus × rasumovskoe R.I. Schrod. ex Wolkenst.) is a massively distributed but forgotten cultivar of Moscow landscaping, which for a long time appeared under erroneous names. It was identified on the basis of molecular, morphological and historical and local history data, after which it was described in detail morphologically and phenologically. The main diagnostic features are oval or similar leaves with a sharply retracted ‘spout’ 1–1.5 cm long at the apex, and a ‘weeping’ crown. In spring, this poplar opens its leaves earlier than other Moscow poplars, and in autumn it sheds its leaves much later than Siberian poplar (the most common in Moscow), but earlier than other cultivars. The parental species of Razumovsky poplar are probably Populus nigra and P. suaveolens, and it is more likely to be a reciprocal hybrid: P. suaveolens × (P. nigra × P. suaveolens), since the traits of the fragrant poplar are better expressed and on the molecular genetic dendrogram it ‘stands’ closer to the fragrant poplar than to the black poplar.

Keywords: molecular genetic diversity, Moscow landscaping, Populus × rasumovskoe, Populus × sibirica, R.I. Schroeder, Razumovsky’s poplar, targeted deep sequencing